Huckleberry Finn Book Report :: essays research papers

THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN AUTHOR’S SKETCH Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens on November 30, 1835, in Florida, Missouri. When Samuel Clemens was four years old, his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri, where he spent his childhood. Clemens first approach to literature was through typesetting for a newspaper in 1851. At the time Orion, his brother, was a newspaper publisher in Hannibal. From 1857 until 1861, he served as the pilot of a riverboat on the Mississippi River. He later used this experience in creating his novels. His first writings appeared in a newspaper on February 2, 1863 under the pen name “Mark Twain.'; Clemens fell in love with Olivia Langdon and married her in 1870 after a long courtship. The Clemens’ family lived in Hartford, Connecticut from 1871 until 1891, the period of his best writing. In 1872, he published his first book, Roughing It. He published The Adventures of Tom Sawyer in 1876. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, considered his masterpiece of writing, was published in 1885. He received many honors and a great deal of recognition for his writings. Clemens died of Angina on April 21, 1910. MAIN CHARACTERS Huck Finn - the central character of the novel and the son of the town drunk. Jim - Miss Watson’s runaway slave whom Huck helps to gain his freedom. Pap - Huck’s father who comes back to town when he learns about the reward. Tom Sawyer – Huck’s friend who is about his same age. ELEMENTS OF PLOT (1) Setting The setting of Huckleberry Finn was in mid Eighteenth Century America. The first few chapters were set in St. Petersburg, Missouri. The town was patterned after Hannibal, Missouri, where Clemens spent his childhood. It is located on the Mississippi River about 80 miles from St. Louis, Missouri. Most of the novel’s setting is on the Mississippi River south of St. Petersburg. (2) Beginning Situation Huck Finn, a boy of about 12 years, was the son of the town drunk. Widow Douglas adopted him so that she could civilize him and raise him to be a gentleman. Huck did not like going to school, attending church or dressing up. Tom Sawyer, Ben Rogers, and Joe Harper were his friends at the local school. Huck and Tom found a treasure hidden by bank robbers and were allowed to keep six thousand dollars each, for themselves, as a reward. Huck’s father heard about his son’s treasure and returned to St.

Hrm Assignment

Assignment 1 Question 1 i. Name and describe in your own words two such HRM challenges as discussed in class. (4 marks) Two of the challenges are technology and motivation. Technology challenge is a new change that HRM has to face when working in a corporate. Advanced technology changes HR practices such as recruitment, training and collecting information and so on. To specific, HR uses technology to work more efficiently than before. Therefore, in the information age, HR has to know how to use tech better or the organization would be fallen behind.Motivation also is a challenge for HR. One of HR’s responsibilities is encouraging employees working more passionately and earnest. If HR cannot drive them in their work, a company is likely to lose some talent employees. So increasing motivation is important and hard to do for HR. ii. For each named challenge, give a description of how an HRM professional may assist the company in responding to the presenting situation. (4 marks) H RM professional rely on new technology to recruit.For example, HR professionals can post jobs on the internet instead of on newspaper or Flyers. Thus, applicants around the world can know the jobs and try to employ, the corporate would have more chances to have capable workers. For training, technical utilities help new staffs to be trained better. They can learn more professional skills and practice software in training programs by PowerPoint and video. For data storage, â€Å"The use of electronic imaging has made it possible for companies to store and retrieve files in an electronic format† (Lewis, 2001).Tech has been saved HR professionals’ time in organizing information statistics. About motivation challenge that HRM has to deal, HR professionals must be capable to recognize what the employees’ advantages are and how to distribute their tasks. Under the detailed division of labor, HR manager can inspire their working enthusiasm to increase productivity. A H R manager is a leader to conduct the labors to show their talents and guide them for the effectiveness of the company. However, it is a huge challenge for HR professionals.Once a HR manager does not arrange accurately the division of labor, a company is likely to be fallen behind. Therefore, motivation challenge is always significant and difficult for HR professionals. iii. For one of your named challenges, explain whether you think the HRM manager’s response is â€Å"proactive† or â€Å"reactive†. (2 marks) In my opinion, technology challenge is proactive for the HRM manager. Technology not only makes work period shorten, but increases job competition. Tech has promoted society including HRM.Question 2 Name and define in your own words the competency you think is being shown in this HR generalist’s work. (2 marks) I think organizing ability is required in the HR generalist’s work. Organizing ability is keeping a scenario run in the normal order an d maintaining members in a group do their works disciplined and in order. Why in your opinion is this competency important for the HRM generalist to have in a company setting, particularly in light of the importance of productivity enhancements discussed in Chapter 1? 3 marks) Organizing ability is significant because HRM generalists need to organize the employees to serve the company and increase productivity. Productivity is depending on ability, motivation and work environment. A HR generalist who has organizing ability can distribute labor’s work correctly so that they can develop their talents and promote their motivation in work. Under such positive work atmosphere, more employees will be influenced and continue work earnestly. Thus, productivity will be enhanced. Therefore, organizing ability is vital for HR generalists.

Jackie Robinson Was The First African American Baseball...

Many athletes are just that, athletes. The crowd cheers as they hit a home run or they make the shot. They’re known for their performance on the field and only the field. Instead of realizing the importance of their voice or their actions, they decide to suppress their own voices, choosing to bask in the glory they receive due to their performance during a game. It’s easy to fall into the mindset that all athletes fall under this category of ignorance or better yet indifference. Although a majority of them represent this group, there a handful that dedicates their time and voice to bring about change in society. Jackie Robinson was the first African American baseball player on a team’s roster. Not only did he change the sport of baseball forever, but impacted millions of African Americans and his impact continues to affect lives today. The first African American baseball player, Jackie Robinson and unfortunately that is all the majority of Americans know him for. Personally, I had no intensive knowledge on Robinson before this course. I knew what the rest of America knew, thinking his legacy only pertained to the aspect of sports, the integration of sports and the mindset and endurance that an athlete should have. Ignoring the fact that his legacy continues today in the day to day of everyone not just athletes. Many fail to acknowledge the ties that Robinson had with the fight for equality and the Civil Right Movement. His deep involvement in the fight forShow MoreRelatedThe Unique History Of The Negro Baseball Leagues1379 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Negro Baseball Leagues. We will discuss how they were an integral part of the African American culture and what they meant to their communities. We will also discuss some of the more famous players of the Negro Leagues as well as take a look at what the impact of Jac kie Robinson being the first African American to be signed to a professional Major League team was and how it affected the future of baseball. Black American men were banned from being able to play professional baseball from theRead MoreIn the years before Jackie Robinson was a household name, America was not the same place that was1600 Words   |  7 Pagesyears before Jackie Robinson was a household name, America was not the same place that was created after he was the first black man on a professional roster. There were Jim Crow laws, â€Å"separate but equal.† Who ever the facilities that were for the whites were far superior to the facilities that the blacks were to use. This was an all do often occurrence. On a different note, the United States entered in World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Even in the armed forces there was segregationRead MoreSports And Its Impact On Society3522 Words   |  15 PagesSummer Olympics was the first real sporting event that left a large footprint. Every four years, countries around the world and their athletes would put aside all of their differences and come together to compete in numerous events. The only time the Olympics were cancelled was in 1916 and 1940 due to ongoing warfare in Europe. These games symbolize that sports can be above any of society’s issues and set a standard of respect between athletes. The same situation can be applied for Jackie Robinson’s effectRead MoreEssay On Jackie Robinson1932 Words   |  8 PagesJackie Robinson was an inspirational hero who overcame many obstacles to pursue his dream of playing professional baseball. As a young man, he was confronted with racism and hatred. While others might have accepted it or looked the other way in fear, Jackie was determined to make a difference, not only for himself but for all black people. He decided that action must be taken if things were ever to change. He participated in sit- ins and other protests to demonstrate his desire for change and refusalRead MoreWomen in Baseball1677 Words   |  7 PagesBaseball, some would argue, is America’s favorite past time. Many can recall their experiences as they enjoyed the game as a child and then continue to share it with their children. The sport has brought us many great moments such as when Jackie Robinson broke racial barriers as the first African American to play in the major leagues. When one thinks of professional baseball, many times, names of greats such as Hank Aaron, Babe Ruth, and Willie Mays come to mind. What many fans over look about America’s

What Is HIV - 1762 Words

HIV What is HIV/AIDS? HIV stands for Human immunodeficiency Virus. This virus weakens a person s ability to fight infections. During HIV infection, the virus attacks and destroys the infection-fighting CD4 cells, a type white blood cell. The loss of CD4 cells makes it difficult to fight infections, and so, one would be most susceptible to any and every illness. A person with the loss of 200 and more CD4 cells is said to have the more advanced stage of the HIV infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. This is the stage at which all of a person’s ability to fight infections is lost. Having HIV does not always mean that you have AIDS. It can take many years for people with the virus to develop AIDS. HIV and AIDS cannot be†¦show more content†¦Talk with your sex partner or partners about their sexual history as well as your own sexual history. Find out whether your partner has a history of behaviours that increase his or her risk for HIV. Alcohol and drugs With the use of alcohol or drugs, be very careful. Being under the influence can make one careless about practicing safer sex. Never share intravenous (IV) needles, syringes, cookers, cotton, cocaine spoons, or eyedroppers with others if you use drugs. If someone already has HIV If you are infected with HIV, you can greatly lower the risk of spreading the infection to your sex partner by starting treatment when your immune system is still healthy. Experts recommend starting treatment as soon as you know you are infected. Tell your sex partner or partners about your behaviour and whether you are HIV-positive. Follow safer sex practices, such as using condoms. Do not donate blood, plasma, semen, body organs, or body tissues. Do not share personal items, such as toothbrushes, razors, or sex toys that may be contaminated with blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. If you are pregnant The risk of a woman spreading HIV to her baby can be greatly reduced if she is on medicine that reduces the amount of virus in her blood to undetectable levels during pregnancy. Continues treatment during pregnancy. Does not breast-feed her baby. The baby should also receiveShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Hiv / Aids?2952 Words   |  12 PagesWhat is HIV/AIDS? HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that cause initial HIV infection and, as the virus proliferates in the body, AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). HIV affects the immune system by exploiting, and, eventually, destroying a specific kind of immune cells. That allows for the gradual deterioration of a person’s immune system, which ultimately causes death from minor opportunistic infections, which are normally perfectly curable and generally do not cause major consequencesRead MoreAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( HIV ) : What Is The Cases Of HIV?1257 Words   |  6 PagesImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have always plagued the globe. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory (GHO), there are 36.9 million cases of HIV infections throughout the globe by the end of the year 2014 and 0.08% of adults with ages 15-49 years old are infected with HIV (World Health Organization, 2016). Also, according to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), there was an average of 30,000 (23,000- 58,000) cases of HIV in the year 2013 in the Philippines;Read MoreWhat Is Lentiviruses Similar To HIV?1506 Words   |  7 PagesLentiviruses similar to HIV have been found in a variety of primate species, and some of these are associated with a disease process called simian AIDS. Unlike other retroviruses, the primate lentiviruses are not transmitted through the germ line, and no endogenous copies of the virus exist in the genome of susceptible species.[23] Molecular epidemiologic data suggest that HIV type 1 (HIV-1), the most common subtype of HIV that infects humans, has been derived from the simian immunodeficiency virusRead MoreWhat Is A Cure For HIV-AIDS?799 Words   |  4 PagesDespite of the irrevocable efficacy of cART, therapy is not a cure for HIV-AIDS, as interruption of treatment inevitably lead to viral rebound in most individuals (Davey et al., 1999). HIV/SIV persistence in the form of latently infected cells that decayed very slowly was demonstrated using the PBMCs isolated from patients (Finzi et al., 1997, Finzi et al., 1999, Siliciano et al., 2003). Subsequent characterization of HIV-1 latent infection and testing of latency reversing agents utilize both molecularRead MoreWhat Is Spending Of Bilateral Donor Funds For HIV / AIDS?1579 Words   |  7 Pagesimprove the quality of services delivery at the health facilities (Heraf, 2014). According to UNAIDs (2009) on HIV strategies and challenges, there exists challenges in disbursements and absorptive capacity at the national level e.g. spending of committed government funds has been a significant problem in the past and remains so to date. Spending of bilateral donor funds for HIV/AIDS is reported to be slower than the spending of government funds. The reason for this is of interest in the contextRead MoreWhat is HIV/AIDS? Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that your body can’t get rid of.600 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is HIV/AIDS? Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that your body can’t get rid of. This virus sits in your body and attack your immune system and essential virus fighting cells. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the final stage of HIV infection. At this point of HIV people have badly damaged immune systems, which put them at risk for other disease and infections. HIV/AIDS burst on to the scene in the 1980’s and was originally thought to only affect homosexual males. ThatRead MoreWhat Social Factors Have Driven the Spread of Hiv/Aids in Sub-Saharan Africa?3708 Words   |  15 PagesWhat social factors have driven the spread of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa? The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the immune system caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is transmitted via unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated blood transfusion, contaminated hypodermic needles, and from an infected mother to child during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding. There is currently no cure for HIV/AIDS. AIDS is a debilitating condition that has great socialRead MoreWhat are the main causes of high unemployment in Zimbabwe? How serious a problem is it? Will land resettlement and HIV-AIDS ease or worsen the situation? Give reasons.1516 Words   |  7 Pagesevidenced by the massive increases in the crime rates and other issues which include prostitution. This whole lot is as a result of a number of job seekers who are on the market failing to secure anything. Effects of Land Resettlement and HIV-AIDS on unemployment HIV and AIDS has been much talked about and discussed in Zimbabwe. This deadly incurable disease and virus has brought about much untold suffering and orphans. This also means that the number of job seekers flowing into the market will fallRead MoreHiv And The Human Body1175 Words   |  5 PagesStates alone, 1.1 million people are living with HIV. Additional people become sick, but people continue to spread the virus to others. Do people even know what HIV is? Do they know what this virus does to their body? Such questions make it necessary to examine what can be done. What is HIV; how do people get HIV; and what is being done to help them? HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Humans are the only beings that can get this infection. The HIV infection can find and attack a significantRead MoreThe Immune System: HIV/AIDS Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesHIV is a world pandemic that has caused the death of â€Å"30 million† (CDC – Statistics Overview – Statistics Center – HIV/AIDS, CDC) innocent lives. HIV is devastating virus that destroys people’s immune systems and leaves them vulnerable to other diseases. HIV is an acronym for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which means that the virus is found only in humans and targets the immune system. The virus kills CD4 cells, cells in the immune system that fight off infections and diseases. HIV has been around

Treatment Plan For A Therapy Plan And How It Improves The...

Intro A person who is suffering from substance dependence will need treatment to overcome it. When a client is assessed and found to be suffering from addiction a treatment plan will be put into action. Depending on the severity of the person addiction will determine if they need inpatient care of outpatient care. The odds that a person will succeed without a treatment plan are unlikely. Well discuss the importance of a treatment plan and how it improves the odds of a person overcoming their addiction. The treatment plan process When a person is diagnosed with a substance use disorder, it is a by a trained licensed professional. They have gathered as much information that has led to the person substance abuse. This is done to have a complete picture of what the root causes are of why the person started and is still abusing substances. A treatment plan is a â€Å"written document that details the client’s substance abuse problems and what treatments are suggested to help them overcome and maintain sobriety† (Stevens Smith, pg. 168). This treatment plan is the â€Å"framework that a trained professional has laid out for the client to follow to address all the sources that have led to their drug abuse† (Stevens Smith, pg. 168). There are specific therapies, education and skills a person can gain from this treatment plan that is not only systemic in treating all of the things that contribute to a person drug abuse but attempt to integrate them all into one com prehensiveShow MoreRelatedAn Example Of A And A Neurocognitive Disorders And How They Affect Personality And Behavior Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesWhen studying abnormal psychology, we have learned about a variety of neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive disorders and how they affect personality and behavior. In this paper I will discuss an example of both a neurodevelopmental and a neurocognitive disorder. Within each of these disorders I will provide behavioral criteria, incidence rates, causes and treatments options for each of the disorders. The first disorder I am going to discuss is the neurodevelopmental disorder, Down Syndrome. DownRead MoreOppositional Defiant Disorder Case Studycase Study4246 Words   |  17 PagesTable of Contents Title: Page: Special Education in Ireland 1 What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder?(ODD) 3 What Causes ODD? 3 Symptoms of ODD 4 How Is ODD Diagnosed? 4 What is the Treatment for ODD? 5 Prognosis 5 Emotional and Practical Implications on the Family 5 Resources Available 6 Role of the Interdisciplinary Team 7 Elements of Good Practice 7 Conclusion and Personal LearninRead MoreOppositional Defiant Disorder Case Studycase Study4258 Words   |  18 PagesTable of Contents Title: Page: Special Education in Ireland 1 What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder?(ODD) 3 What Causes ODD? 3 Symptoms of ODD 4 How Is ODD Diagnosed? 4 What is the Treatment for ODD? 5 Prognosis 5 Emotional and Practical Implications on the Family 5 Resources Available 6 Role of the Interdisciplinary Team 7 Elements of Good Practice 7 Conclusion and Personal Learnin 8 BibliographyRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Mental Illness Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesany age, the average age of onset tends to be late teens to the 20s for men, and the late 20s to early 30s for women. (NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness | What is Schizophrenia?, n.d.) It’s very rare for schizophrenia to be diagnosed in a person younger than 12 or older than 40. Comorbid factors in schizophrenia are depression, anxiety, and substance abuse these are more common than others. (Mosey, A. 1986) They are common throughout the course of the illness with a prevalence of 15% forRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1587 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder, and why early intervention is the best treatment. Introduction: Gain/maintain attention There is a television show I like to watch called â€Å"The Big Bang Theory, maybe some of you have seen it. This show focuses on the relationships between a group of friends, some who live and work together. One of the show’s main characters is named Sheldon. Sheldon has many behaviors that his friends and others view as odd. Sheldon is a highly intelligent scientist, but he often exhibitsRead MoreWhat is Schizophrenia?985 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia is the worst of all mental health disorders because it is many severe disorders all put into one such as mood disorders and psychological disorders. It is a mental health disorder that affects a persons’ reality. When the word Schizophrenia is broken into two, schizo means â€Å"Split† and phrenia means â€Å"mind† (DeWall Myers, 2014, p.562). According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), about 1% of Americans have schizophrenia. Schizophrenia h as many different components suchRead MoreBowen Systems Theory And Family Therapy1583 Words   |  7 PagesBOWEN PAPER In the system of family therapy Dr Murray Bowen developed a new approach to family therapy that was different from other family theorist because it emphasized on the family’s emotional system and its history that may be traced through the family dynamics of the parents, and grandparents. His approach looks at human emotions and the patterns that are commonly developed and similar in all family systems. Bowen Systems Theory Bowen’s theory consists of a system of eight interlocking statesRead MoreFamily Interventions For Mental Illness Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pagesmental illness and possible treatments. This intervention is based on the assumption that providing appropriate and adequate information can mediate distress within the family (Corcoran, 2003). According to Corcoran (2003), psychoeducation involves a number of sessions: 1) The family social worker joins with the family instead of working alone with the child with mental illness. For example, the initial focus of psychoeducation is the parent as she/he is the main person to change the child’s environmentRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease Is The Most Common Form Of Dementia1684 Words   |  7 Pages Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, which slowly and steadily impairs the mental function and psychological competence. Even though there is no cure for Alzheimer’s, current treatment patterns and research aim to delay the progression towards dementia and the associated symptoms. The strongest risk factor for this disease is increased age, typically seen in individuals over the age of 65, but it must be noted that Alzheimer’s is not a normal part of the aging process. AlzheimerRead MoreThe Patient That Will Be Discussed1643 Words   |  7 Pagesobserve delusions that are nonbizzare. These delusions need to be present for at least one month, and they cannot meet any criteria for Schizophrenia. Hallucinations may also be present, but they have to relate to the delusion the person is having. In most cases, a person suffering from Delusional Disorder still has their psychosocial functioning intact; therefore, most people may never know that an individual suffers from this disorder. In addition, it is not uncommon for individuals with this disorder

Analyze & Build A Stronger Strategic Employee Communication Function

Question: Discuss about the Analyze And Build A Stronger And More Strategic Employee Communication Function. Answer: The research draws attention to employee communication which is the most critical job but always overlooked by HR professionals. Poor communication has been linked to poor retention rate, poor engagement, poor productivity, and underperformance. When employees are not fed with the right information to do their job, they are likely to underperformance hence are forced to leave the company. Most companies who have seen the importance of internal communication have invested in new information technologies. Despite the efforts, a number of factors still hinder effective internal communication in the companies. Further investigation reveals that senior-level managers do assume the importance and effectiveness of internal communication. How communication is received or understood by the intended audience matter less to the managers. A survey carried out in 2003 showed that 55% of managers who took part in the survey believe that they have a perfect internal communication channel, 33% of the workers under them concurred, and a good number refuted the claim. The communication gap that exists between the manager and the employee is related to credibility. A few employees often believe what the managers tell them the longer tenured employees view internal communication as less credible. Diversify is another factor affecting communication within a company. The workforce today is multigenerational in nature. One message may be received differently by workers depending on age, a younger employee in his twenties may get a different version of the message while an older employee in his fifties may understand the same message differently. When disseminating information, the employer must be mindful of the differences. Many companies face pressure on todays employees and create the need for a more coordinated approach to employee communications (Argenti, 1998). Information technology is another wonderful but technical aspect as far as internal communication is concerned. With the introduction of email, the speed of dissemination of information has increased efficiency. Electronic communication is best but then dehumanizes the workplace by cutting down face-to-face communication. The human touch in the workplace has brought workers together, but technology is bringing isolation for workers. Technology has reduced creativity in workplace, telephones, faxes, and the internet has created frenetic speed hindering quality communication at the workplace. From our study, we have come to realize that companies with effective communication programs foresee an increase in production level hence higher returns to shareholders. Communication must be realized as a business function not as simply a soft function in a company. Accompany with a successful internal communication strategy always get financial success, high retention rate. Recommendations discussed include; improving horizontal peer-to-peer communication and vertical employee-to-manager communication. Use of text more than the voice in communicating information to workers to break down language barriers; this two if looked upon can improve the companies internal communication. According to Altuntas, SemerciozNoyan(2013) competitive rivalry is related to the path and style of communication as well as the usage of internal communication tools. From Dolphin (2005) communication with the internal audience makes a significant contribution to a fully developed corporate communication strategy. Reference list Altunta?, G., Semerciz, F., Noyan, A., 2013.Linking competitive rivalry to internal communication in private healthcare organizations.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 809-817. Argenti, P.A., 1998. Strategic employee communications.Human Resource Management (1986-1998), 37(3-4), p.199. Dolphin, R.R., 2005. Internal communications: Today's strategic imperative. Journal of marketing communications, 11(3), pp.171-190. Kitchen, P.J. and Daly, F., 2002.Internal communication during change management.Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 7(1), pp.46-53.

Why should we recycle. Essay Example

Why should we recycle. Essay The recycling process involves the collection, separation and reprocessing already used materials into new products. The process is so called because the process undergoes a severally the cycle of manufacture; production, use†¦The recycling process involves the collection, separation and reprocessing already used materials into new products. The process is so called because the process undergoes a severally the cycle of manufacture; production, use. Recycling reduces the likelihood of wasting of useful materials and the process thereof of production as well as reducing consumption of fresh raw materials. There are two major forms of recycling: salvaging and reusing. Salvaging is a waste sorting technique in which parts or materials that have intrinsic value or are hazardous in nature are collected and separated in materials recovery facilities. Reuse on the other hand is the using again of a material that had already been used (Porter, 2002).ThesisDue to rapidly dwindling resour ces it has become imperative to recycle due to the potential of recycled materials to save enormously in terms of resources required for fresh production as well as the potential of recycled materials to remain in circulation virtually for a long time.Virtually everything can be recycled. However some materials when recycled tend to loose their properties, quality or their size (like paper, cardboard) while others like steel and aluminum tend to remain the same in quantity and quality after recycling. Some of the materials that can be recycled include aluminum, waste paper, glass, steel cans, cardboard, newspapers certain plastics and many other materials. These can find their way back to the consumers in a the same form or a different ones. For example when glass is recycled, it can be remanufactured into glass containers, laundry detergent bottles, steel framing, office paper, roofing, pipes and much more (Porter, 2002).Some of the materials that are widely used and therefore offe r a very viable choice for mass recycling due to their ability to save on the cost of energy used in production of new ones are aluminium, plastics, glass and other miscellaneous wastes such as nail polish, paint thinner, batteries.AluminumIt is estimated that about 24 million tones of aluminum is produced annually in the world. Of these, it is approximated that about 29 cans are produced for every pound of aluminum produced in the U.S. (Purdue, 2003). Majority of these cans are used for beer and soft drinks (99% of beer packaging is aluminum based while 97% soft drinks are packaged in aluminum cans) but only about 40% of the cans are post-consumer recycled (Donald, 2002). Given the fact that it requires only about 5% as much energy to recycle an aluminum can than when produced from virgin ore, there would be no need for mining new ores since about 3.1 million tones of aluminum waste is generated accounting for about 1.5% of the total municipal waste of the united states. There can be a sizable amount of savings if aluminum is completely recycled (Ackerman, 1996).PlasticsPlastic is the most used material on earth. It has been established that on average, an American car contains about 300pounds of plastic of about 60 different resins, about 10% of all the earnings of a grocery store are used to buy paper and plastic packaging. Cumulatively, plastic contributes about 23.9% (by volume) of all municipal waste in the U.S. however out of these only about 0.9 million tons of plastic (accounting for 4.7% of all the plastic used) were recycled (Purdue, 2003). The amount spent on manufacturing new plastic could have been reduced had all the plastic been recycled since there is no additional cost or energy required in recycling plastics (Donald, 2002).GlassAnnually about 41 billion glass containers were produced in the U.S. alone in shades of clear (about 64% of the total), brown (23%) and green (13%) this is according to research carried out by Purdue University (Purdu e, 2003) in 1992.Glass containers are 64% clear, 23% brown, and 13% green. The glass generated a total waste of approximately 13.3 million tons of glass contributing 6.3% of total U.S municipal waste. Of these only 35% was recycled which is very low for a commodity which is said that one glass jar recycled can produce energy to power a 100watt light bulb for about four hours (Ackerman, 1996).Other miscellaneous wastesIt is this class of goods that produce most of the municipal waste of the U.S. while some of them cannot be classified under ‘recyclable’ goods, a significant amount can be salvaged or reused.The materials that end up in waste that could be better reused   include durable goods, such as television sets, refrigerators and other home electronics which contributed about   16% of the   U.S. municipal solid waste (by weight, 25.5 million tons of solid waste). The amount of energy used to make each component cannot be compared to the cost that can be incurr ed by producing a new one. Their mode of recycling can be sale by salvaging parts that can be reused (PA Department of Environmental Protection. 2008).Having looked at the various forms of materials and their benefits in terms of energy savings if they are recycled rather than produced from scratch, we can deduce that overall recycling affords the best solution to efficient use of available energy.